A “meter of water @ 4°C” is a unique unit used primarily to measure pressure. At this specific temperature, water reaches its maximum density, and the pressure exerted by a one-meter column of water is approximately 9.81 kilopascals or 0.0979 atmospheres. This scenario represents the optimal conditions for standardizing pressure measurements because the physical properties of water are most stable, reducing variances in calculations.
This unit is especially important in fields like plumbing and hydraulics, where accurate pressure measurements are crucial. Understanding these principles can lead to better designs in water distribution systems, preventing common issues such as pipe bursts or inefficient water flow, ensuring systems operate safely and efficiently.
The “inch of mercury” (inHg) is a unit of pressure commonly used in aviation, meteorology, and refrigeration. It originates from the barometric pressure measurement practice using a column of mercury. This unit became a staple due to its early adoption in weather forecasting and its accurate and consistent measurements. An interesting fact is that an inch of mercury is approximately equal to 33.86 millibars or 3386 Pascals, but what truly distinguishes it is its historical significance in the development of modern atmospheric science.
In the 17th century, Evangelista Torricelli, a student of Galileo, first discovered that atmospheric pressure could sustain a column of mercury, laying the groundwork for this unit. His invention, the barometer, revolutionized how we understand and predict weather, marking the inch of mercury as more than just a unit—it’s a nod to the evolution of scientific inquiry and practice.
Meters of water @ 4°C | Inches of mercury |
---|---|
0
mH₂O
|
0
inHg
|
1
mH₂O
|
2.8959
inHg
|
2
mH₂O
|
5.7918
inHg
|
3
mH₂O
|
8.68771
inHg
|
4
mH₂O
|
11.58361
inHg
|
5
mH₂O
|
14.47951
inHg
|
6
mH₂O
|
17.37541
inHg
|
7
mH₂O
|
20.27131
inHg
|
8
mH₂O
|
23.16721
inHg
|
9
mH₂O
|
26.06312
inHg
|
10
mH₂O
|
28.95902
inHg
|
11
mH₂O
|
31.85492
inHg
|
12
mH₂O
|
34.75082
inHg
|
13
mH₂O
|
37.64672
inHg
|
14
mH₂O
|
40.54263
inHg
|
15
mH₂O
|
43.43853
inHg
|
16
mH₂O
|
46.33443
inHg
|
17
mH₂O
|
49.23033
inHg
|
18
mH₂O
|
52.12623
inHg
|
19
mH₂O
|
55.02213
inHg
|
20
mH₂O
|
57.91804
inHg
|
21
mH₂O
|
60.81394
inHg
|
22
mH₂O
|
63.70984
inHg
|
23
mH₂O
|
66.60574
inHg
|
24
mH₂O
|
69.50164
inHg
|
25
mH₂O
|
72.39755
inHg
|
26
mH₂O
|
75.29345
inHg
|
27
mH₂O
|
78.18935
inHg
|
28
mH₂O
|
81.08525
inHg
|
29
mH₂O
|
83.98115
inHg
|
30
mH₂O
|
86.87706
inHg
|
31
mH₂O
|
89.77296
inHg
|
32
mH₂O
|
92.66886
inHg
|
33
mH₂O
|
95.56476
inHg
|
34
mH₂O
|
98.46066
inHg
|
35
mH₂O
|
101.35656
inHg
|
36
mH₂O
|
104.25247
inHg
|
37
mH₂O
|
107.14837
inHg
|
38
mH₂O
|
110.04427
inHg
|
39
mH₂O
|
112.94017
inHg
|
40
mH₂O
|
115.83607
inHg
|
41
mH₂O
|
118.73198
inHg
|
42
mH₂O
|
121.62788
inHg
|
43
mH₂O
|
124.52378
inHg
|
44
mH₂O
|
127.41968
inHg
|
45
mH₂O
|
130.31558
inHg
|
46
mH₂O
|
133.21148
inHg
|
47
mH₂O
|
136.10739
inHg
|
48
mH₂O
|
139.00329
inHg
|
49
mH₂O
|
141.89919
inHg
|
50
mH₂O
|
144.79509
inHg
|
51
mH₂O
|
147.69099
inHg
|
52
mH₂O
|
150.5869
inHg
|
53
mH₂O
|
153.4828
inHg
|
54
mH₂O
|
156.3787
inHg
|
55
mH₂O
|
159.2746
inHg
|
56
mH₂O
|
162.1705
inHg
|
57
mH₂O
|
165.0664
inHg
|
58
mH₂O
|
167.96231
inHg
|
59
mH₂O
|
170.85821
inHg
|
60
mH₂O
|
173.75411
inHg
|
61
mH₂O
|
176.65001
inHg
|
62
mH₂O
|
179.54591
inHg
|
63
mH₂O
|
182.44182
inHg
|
64
mH₂O
|
185.33772
inHg
|
65
mH₂O
|
188.23362
inHg
|
66
mH₂O
|
191.12952
inHg
|
67
mH₂O
|
194.02542
inHg
|
68
mH₂O
|
196.92133
inHg
|
69
mH₂O
|
199.81723
inHg
|
70
mH₂O
|
202.71313
inHg
|
71
mH₂O
|
205.60903
inHg
|
72
mH₂O
|
208.50493
inHg
|
73
mH₂O
|
211.40083
inHg
|
74
mH₂O
|
214.29674
inHg
|
75
mH₂O
|
217.19264
inHg
|
76
mH₂O
|
220.08854
inHg
|
77
mH₂O
|
222.98444
inHg
|
78
mH₂O
|
225.88034
inHg
|
79
mH₂O
|
228.77625
inHg
|
80
mH₂O
|
231.67215
inHg
|
81
mH₂O
|
234.56805
inHg
|
82
mH₂O
|
237.46395
inHg
|
83
mH₂O
|
240.35985
inHg
|
84
mH₂O
|
243.25575
inHg
|
85
mH₂O
|
246.15166
inHg
|
86
mH₂O
|
249.04756
inHg
|
87
mH₂O
|
251.94346
inHg
|
88
mH₂O
|
254.83936
inHg
|
89
mH₂O
|
257.73526
inHg
|
90
mH₂O
|
260.63117
inHg
|
91
mH₂O
|
263.52707
inHg
|
92
mH₂O
|
266.42297
inHg
|
93
mH₂O
|
269.31887
inHg
|
94
mH₂O
|
272.21477
inHg
|
95
mH₂O
|
275.11067
inHg
|
96
mH₂O
|
278.00658
inHg
|
97
mH₂O
|
280.90248
inHg
|
98
mH₂O
|
283.79838
inHg
|
99
mH₂O
|
286.69428
inHg
|
100
mH₂O
|
289.59018
inHg
|
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